• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An optical device includes a light guide with a first pair of external surfaces parallel to each other and at least two sets of facets. Each of the sets includes a plurality of partially reflective facets parallel to each other, and between the first pair of external surfaces. In each of the sets of facets, the respective facets are at an oblique angle to the first pair of external surfaces and at an angle not parallel to another of the sets of facets. The optical device is particularly suitable for expanding the optical aperture.
    公开号:BR112020002041A2
    申请号:R112020002041-9
    申请日:2018-06-26
    公开日:2020-09-08
    发明作者:Yochay Danziger；Elad Axel SHARLIN
    申请人:Lumus Ltd.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [0001] The present invention relates, in general, to the expansion of optical aperture. History of the invention
    [0002] [0002] The eyepiece for augmented reality is based on a projector with a small opening and a light guide that multiplies (expands) that small opening to project a larger opening to illuminate a desired eye box. If the projected opening is wide, the expansion will be in one dimension. If the projected opening is small (for example, on a two-dimensional (2D) light guide), then the light guide will expand in two dimensions. summary
    [0003] [0003] Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a light guide optical element with internal opening expansion in at least two dimensions. Thus, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an optical device is available comprising: (a) a light guide that has: (i) a first pair of external surfaces parallel to each other and (ii) at least two sets of facets, each of the sets: (A) including a plurality of partially reflected facets parallel to each other, and (B) between the first pair of external surfaces and (b) being that in each of the sets of facets, the respective facets they are: (i) at an oblique angle in relation to the first pair of external surfaces; and (ii) not parallel to another set of facets.
    [0004] [0004] In accordance with an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, the light guide includes exactly two of the sets of facets.
    [0005] [0005] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, the light guide includes exactly three of the sets of facets.
    [0006] [0006] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, at least a first set of facet sets provides continuous coverage, as viewed in a viewing direction over a respective deployment area of the first set of facets, so that at least a portion of the light in the viewing direction passes through at least one facet of at least two sets of facets within the light guide.
    [0007] [0007] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, each of the sets of facets comprises a coverage area, the extension being an area over which each of the sets of facets is implanted and the areas of cover for two of the sets of facets are at least partially overlapping.
    [0008] [0008] In accordance with an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, the light guide is a single section light guide including: (a) a first set of facets and (b) a second set of facets, the the first and second sets overlap on the same plane as a light guide thickness dimension, the thickness dimension between the first pair of outer surfaces.
    [0009] [0009] According to an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, (a) the light guide has a thickness dimension between the first pair of external surfaces, (b) the facets of a first set of facets extend across of the thickness dimension, so as to cover a first depth range from a first depth to a second depth and (c) facets of a second of the sets of facets extend through the thickness dimension, in order to cover a second range of depth depth from a third depth to a fourth depth.
    [0010] [0010] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, the first depth range and the depth range range cover overlapping depths.
    [0011] [0011] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, the first depth range and the depth range range cover the same depth range.
    [0012] [0012] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, the first depth range and the second depth range are not overlapping.
    [0013] [0013] According to an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, a section of facets is limited by a pair of parallel or coincident surfaces with the first pair of external surfaces, the section containing at least one of the sets of facets.
    [0014] [0014] According to an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, the light guide is a single section light guide including a first section of facets, the first section including two sets of facets.
    [0015] [0015] According to an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, the light guide is a two-section light guide including: (a) a first section of facets having a first pair of boundary surfaces and (b) a second section of facets having a second pair of boundary surfaces, one surface of the first pair of boundary surfaces adjacent to a surface of the second pair of boundary surfaces and the first and second pair of boundary surfaces are parallel .
    [0016] [0016] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, the light guide is a three section light guide, also including a third section of facets with a third pair of boundary surfaces, one surface of which third pair of boundary surfaces is adjacent to a surface of the first pair of boundary surfaces or the second pair of boundary surfaces and the third pair of boundary surfaces is parallel to the first and second pair of boundary surfaces.
    [0017] [0017] According to an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, the light guide includes: (a) a first section of facets having a first pair of boundary surfaces and (b) a second section of facets having a second pair of boundary surfaces, (c) the first and second pair of boundary surfaces being parallel; and (d) at least one interface, each interface: (i) being at least partially between two sections and (ii) parallel to the first pair of external surfaces, (e) the interface being selected from the group consisting of: (i ) a partially reflective surface, (ii) a partially reflective optical coating, (iii) a transition from one material in one section to another material in another section, (iv) a polarizing modifier coating, and (v) a layer flexible intermediate.
    [0018] [0018] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, a second set of facets is configured to carry out the light transmission of the light guide, the second set of facets having a constant number of facets superimposed on a line of view towards a nominal observation point of the light transmission of the light guide through one of the first pairs of external surfaces.
    [0019] [0019] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, it is also provided: (a) a transmission arrangement configured to guide the light to the light guide, so that the light propagates through the internal reflection of the first pair of outer surfaces along the light guide in a propagation direction with a first component in the plane; and (b) being that in each of the sets of facets, the respective facets are oriented to deflect part of the light to be guided by the internal reflection of the light guide to propagate along the light guide with a direction of propagation with one second component in the plane not parallel to the first component in the plane.
    [0020] [0020] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, the transmission arrangement is a second light guide that includes: (a) a second pair of external surfaces parallel to each other and (b) a set of facets.
    [0021] [0021] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, in at least one of the sets of facets, a spacing between each of the partially reflected facets is configured so that, within a field of view of an image to be be reflected by one of the sets of facets, the distance by which a double reflection propagation stage occurs along the light guide does not correspond to an exact multiple of the spacing.
    [0022] [0022] According to an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, a first angle of the facets partially reflecting in a first set of at least two sets of facets is different from a second angle of the facets partially reflecting in a second set of steel minus two sets of facets, the angles being relative to the first pair of outer surfaces.
    [0023] [0023] According to an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, a first angle of the facets partially reflecting in a first set of at least two sets of facets is substantially the same as a second angle of the facets partially reflecting in a second set of at least two sets of facets, the angles being relative to the first pair of outer surfaces and the first set is rotated relative to the second set.
    [0024] [0024] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, it is also provided: (a) a light source that provides input illumination in the light guide and (b) an image modulator reflecting the generated propagation light by the light guide from the entry lighting, with the reflection producing the image of the reflected light that passes through the light guide.
    [0025] [0025] Also provided, in accordance with the teachings of one embodiment of the present invention, a method of producing an optical device, the optical device comprising a light guide having: (i) at least two sets of facets between a first pair of external surfaces (ii) the external surfaces parallel to each other, (iii) each of the sets of facets, including a plurality of partially reflected facets parallel to each other, and being that in each of the sets of facets, the respective facets are : at an oblique angle to the first pair of external surfaces and not parallel to another set of facets, with the method comprising: (a) providing a first matrix of partially reflective facets, (b) providing a second matrix of facets partially reflected, and (c) optically fix the first matrix and the second matrix, so that the facets of the first matrix and the facets of the second matrix are at an oblique angle in r connection to the first pair of external surfaces and not parallel to each other.
    [0026] [0026] According to an additional feature of a modality of the present invention, optical fixation is carried out by pressing together the first and the second matrix with a flowable adhesive between the first and the second matrix.
    [0027] [0027] According to an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, a first angle of the facets partially reflected in the first matrix is different from a second angle of the facets partially reflected in the second matrix, the angles being relative to the respective external surfaces of the matrices .
    [0028] [0028] According to an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, a first angle of the facets partially reflecting in the first matrix is substantially the same as a second angle of the facets partially reflecting in the second matrix, the angles being relative to the respective external surfaces of the matrices and the first matrix is rotated in relation to the second matrix before optically fixing the matrices.
    [0029] [0029] Also provided, according to the teachings of one embodiment of the present invention, a method of producing an optical device, the optical device comprising a light guide having: (i) at least two sets of facets between a first pair of external surfaces (ii) the external surfaces parallel to each other, (iii) each of the sets of facets, including a plurality of facets partially reflected and parallel to each other, and in each of the sets of facets, the respective facets they are: at an oblique angle to the first pair of external surfaces and not parallel to the other set of facets, with the method comprising: (a) providing a plurality of transparent flat windows with partially reflective surfaces; (b) optically joining the windows to create a first stack; (c) slicing the first stack to create a plurality of first flat arrays, cutting through a plurality of windows and at an oblique angle to at least two pairs of opposite sides of the first stack, (d) optically joining a plurality of the first flat matrices, in order to create a matrix stack, and (e) slice the matrix stack to create at least one light guide, cutting through a plurality of the first flat matrices and at an oblique angle to at least two pairs of opposite sides of the matrix stack.
    [0030] [0030] In accordance with an additional feature of an embodiment of the present invention, the first flat dies are polished and coated before being optically fixed to create the matrix stack.
    [0031] [0031] Also provided, in accordance with the teachings of one embodiment of the present invention, is a method for expanding an optical aperture in two dimensions, providing an image as a light input for the aforementioned optical device. Brief description of the drawings
    [0032] [0032] The modality is described here, just as an example, with reference to the attached drawings, being that:
    [0033] [0033] FIG. 1 is a high-level schematic sketch showing the beam-expanding effect of a light guide with two overlapping sets of partially reflecting internal facets.
    [0034] [0034] FIG. 2 is a schematic sketch of an exemplary light guide configuration.
    [0035] [0035] FIG. 3 is a schematic sketch of the side view of the light propagation in the light guide.
    [0036] [0036] FIG. 4 is a reflectance versus angle graph for reflectivities of various coatings with different reflectivity amplitudes.
    [0037] [0037] FIG. 5 represents the geometric optical properties of the light guide in the angular space.
    [0038] [0038] FIG. 6 is a spatial angular orientation of the light guide facets.
    [0039] [0039] FIG. 7 are the geometric optical properties of the second set of facets.
    [0040] [0040] FIG. 8 is an angular space diagram of an alternative implementation of veneers and coating margins.
    [0041] [0041] FIG. 9 is another modality of a light guide, with the sections of the first section and the second section overlapping in the thickness dimension of the light guide to generate a single section light guide with intersecting facets.
    [0042] [0042] FIG. 10 is a method for producing the two-section light guide.
    [0043] [0043] FIG. 11 is an exemplary method for producing a single section light guide.
    [0044] [0044] FIG. 12A represents the side lighting.
    [0045] [0045] FIG. 12B shows illumination of the upper sides; this configuration reduces obscuration of the peripheral lateral view.
    [0046] [0046] FIG. 12C shows the center lighting (between two light guides), where the projector's hardware (right and left) can be combined to reduce size and weight.
    [0047] [0047] FIG. 12D shows the overhead lighting that allows a virtually unobstructed peripheral view.
    [0048] [0048] FIG. 12E shows illumination at an angle below eye orientation.
    [0049] [0049] FIG. 13 is a variation of the architectures described above.
    [0050] [0050] FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B are schematic sketches of the arrangement of the light guide using the architectures of FIG. 13.
    [0051] [0051] FIG. 15 is a schematic sketch of the propagation of light within the light guide.
    [0052] [0052] FIG. 16A is a graph of a reflectivity (reflective profile) of a facet coating designed to reflect light beams from high angle incidence.
    [0053] [0053] FIG. 16B shows the angular architecture of an example of the current approach.
    [0054] [0054] FIG. 17 shows a schematic sketch of the light propagation of the inverted image.
    [0055] [0055] FIG. 18A is a schematic sketch of the directions of the reflections as the rays of light propagate in the light guide
    [0056] [0056] FIG. 18B is a schematic sketch of a front view of the combined light guide 173 where three facet sections are combined.
    [0057] [0057] FIG. 18C is a schematic sketch of the directions of the reflections as the light rays propagate in the light guide 173 in another configuration of three facet sections.
    [0058] [0058] FIG. 19A is an angular diagram of an alternative direction of light injection in the light guide.
    [0059] [0059] FIG. 19B is a schematic diagram of a light guide using the angular diagram of FIG. 19A.
    [0060] [0060] FIG. 19C is a ray propagation diagram in the current light guide.
    [0061] [0061] FIG. 20 is an angular diagram of an alternative modality with facets on the other side of the image.
    [0062] [0062] FIG. 21 is a hybrid system where refractive facets are combined with diffractive grids.
    [0063] [0063] FIG. 22A represents sections separated by a partially reflective coating.
    [0064] [0064] FIG. 22B is a smaller alternative optical arrangement.
    [0065] [0065] FIG. 22C is an alternative mode with a partial reflector.
    [0066] [0066] FIG. 23 is a schematic sketch of the propagation of light within a light guide with non-ideal expansion.
    [0067] [0067] FIG. 24A is an example of two similar cross sections with a transmission prism used to transmit the incoming beam to the light guide.
    [0068] [0068] FIG. 24B shows a configuration where the light guide has been polished at an angle and a prism has been added to the top of the polished angle.
    [0069] [0069] FIG. 24C shows a configuration with the addition of a prism at the vertical end of the light guide.
    [0070] [0070] FIG. 24D shows a combination of a prism and an image generator based on the polarizing beam splitter.
    [0071] [0071] FIG. 25 is a safety connecting element between sections.
    [0072] [0072] FIG. 26A and FIG. 26B are, respectively, side and front views of a 2D light guide that feeds a two-section light guide.
    [0073] [0073] FIG. 27A and FIG. 27B are, respectively, side and front views of a 1D light guide that feeds a two-section light guide.
    [0074] [0074] FIG. 28 is an angular diagram of an unwanted image that overlaps the virtual image.
    [0075] [0075] FIG. 29A is a shade to prevent the high angle light from reaching the light guide.
    [0076] [0076] FIG. 29B is a sensitive angled coating to prevent high angle light from reaching the light guide.
    [0077] [0077] FIG. 30 represents an alternative combination of sections.
    [0078] [0078] FIG. 31 is a side view of an exemplary light guide (LOE) element configured for use with the current mode.
    [0079] [0079] FIG. 32A is a schematic side view of an exemplary lighting system.
    [0080] [0080] FIG. 32B shows a schematic front view sketch of an exemplary lighting system. Detailed description - first modality - figs. 1 to 32b
    [0081] [0081] The principles and operation of the system according to the present modality can be better understood with reference to the drawings and the attached description. The present invention is a system for expanding the optical aperture. In general, an image projector with a small aperture projects an input beam that is multiplied by a light guide with more than a set of partially reflecting parallel surfaces or "facets", preferably with optimized coatings. Alternative modalities employ a combination of facets and diffractive elements. This reduces the need to expand the opening outside the clear light guide, reducing the size and weight of the system.
    [0082] [0082] An optical device includes a light guide with a first pair of external surfaces parallel to each other and at least two sets of facets. Each of the sets, including a plurality of facets partially reflective and parallel to each other, and between the first pair of external surfaces. In each of the sets of facets, the respective facets are at an oblique angle in relation to the first pair of external surfaces and at an angle not parallel to another set of facets.
    [0083] [0083] FIG. 31 shows a side view of an exemplary light guide optical element (LOE) 903 configured for use with the current mode. A first reflecting surface 916 is illuminated by a beam of display light collimated per entry (input beam) 4 emanating from a light source 2. In the context of this document, light source 2 is also called a “projector”. In the current figures, only one ray of light is usually represented, the received ray of light, the incoming beam 4, also called "beam" or "incoming ray". Generally, whenever an image is represented here by a beam of light, it should be noted that the beam is a sample image beam, which is usually formed by multiple beams at slightly different angles, each corresponding to a point or pixel of image. Except when specifically referred to as an edge of the image, the illustrated beams are typically a centroid of the image. That is, the light corresponds to an image and the central ray is a central ray of a center of the image or a central pixel of the image.
    [0084] [0084] A first region 954 is proximal to the input beam 4, where an image illumination is transmitted to a light guide 920. The reflecting surface 916 reflects at least partially the incident light from the input beam 4 of source 2, so that the light is trapped inside the light guide 920 by internal reflection, usually by total internal reflection (TIR). The light guide 920 is typically a transparent substrate and is also referred to as a "flat substrate", "light transmitting substrate" and waveguide. The light guide 920 includes at least two surfaces (main, external), typically parallel to each other, shown in the current figure as a rear (main) 926 surface and a front (main) 926A surface. Note that the designation “front” and “rear” in relation to the main surfaces (926, 926A) serves for convenience of reference. Transmission to the 920 light guide can come from various surfaces, such as the front, rear, side edge or any other desired transmission geometry.
    [0085] [0085] Input beam 4 enters the light guide substrate at the proximal end of the substrate (right side of the figure). The light propagates through the light guide 920 and one or more facets, usually at least a plurality of facets, and typically several facets, towards a distal end of the light guide 920 (left side of the figure). The light guide 920 typically guides light rays propagating on the substrate by internal reflection of the external surfaces.
    [0086] [0086] After optionally reflecting from the internal surfaces of the substrate 920, the captured waves reach a set of selectively reflective surfaces (facets) 922, which transmit the light from the substrate to the eye 10 of a spectator. In the current exemplary figure, the trapped ray is gradually transmitted from substrate 920 by the other two partially reflective surfaces 922 at points 944.
    [0087] [0087] Internal surfaces that partially reflect, such as the set of surfaces that selectively reflect 922 are generally referred to in the context of this document as "facets". For augmented reality applications, the facets partially reflect, allowing real-world light to enter through the front surface 926A, pass through the substrate including facets and exit the substrate via the rear surface 926 to the viewer's eye 10. Ray example 942 shows the light from the incoming beam 4 partially reflected from the reflecting surface 916 and ray example 941 shows the light from the incoming beam 4 partially transmitted through the reflecting surface 916.
    [0088] [0088] The partially reflective internal surfaces 922 generally pass at least partially through the light guide 920 at an oblique angle (i.e., not parallel, neither parallel nor perpendicular) in relation to the direction of elongation of the light guide 920. Partial reflection it can be implemented by a variety of techniques, including, but not limited to, transmitting a percentage of light or using polarization.
    [0089] [0089] The light guide 920 optionally has a second pair of external surfaces (not shown in the side view of the current figure) parallel to each other and not parallel to the first pair of external surfaces. In some implementations, the second pair of outer surfaces is perpendicular to the first pair of outer surfaces. Typically, each facet is at an oblique angle to the second pair of outer surfaces. In other cases, where reflections from the peripheral surfaces of the light guide are not desired, these peripheral surfaces are typically left unpolished and / or coated with light absorbing material (e.g., black) to minimize unwanted reflections.
    [0090] [0090] FIG. 1 shows a high level schematic sketch showing the beam expansion effect of a light guide 3 showing two overlapping sets of internal facets partially reflected in different orientations, having two beam spreading processes across the facets within the light guide 3 Projector 2 projects an image on the light guide 3 as the input beam 4. A set of facets (a first set of facets, shown in the figures below) continuously deviates a proportion of the input beam (projected image) 4 in the first guided beams (projected image) 6. Distinctly, according to certain particularly preferred implementations, this set of first facets is angled so that the incoming image rays of the incoming beam 4 and the reflected image rays of the first guided beams 6 are within angular bands that are trapped by internal reflection on the main substrate surfaces (external surfaces) of the light guide 3 and, for both, they are guided by the light guide (also known as “substrate” or “waveguide”) of the light guide 3. Integrated in the same light guide, more preferably in relation to the overlap with the first set of facets, there is a second set of facets at an angle different from the angle of the first set of facets. The second set of facets deflects a proportion of the first guided beams (projected image) 6 to the second guided beams (projected image) 8. The second guided beams 8 are transmitted out of the light guide 3, typically in the viewer's eye 10.
    [0091] [0091] Referring to FIG. 2, a schematic sketch of an exemplary configuration of the light guide 3 is shown. In a first set of non-limiting implementations, the light guide 3 is composed of two layers with different orientations from the internal facets. Each of the elements between a first section 14 and a second section 12 can be LOEs 903, as described above. As such, the first and second sections are referred to in the context of this document as the respective first and second LOEs, or first and second layers, or first and second facet sections. Each section contains a respective set of facets. The first section 14 includes a first set of facets 32 and the second section 12 includes a second set of facets 36. The first and second section (14, 12) are deployed in an overlapping relation to the user's viewing direction (the user's eye 10). In this example, the second layer 12 overlaps the top of the first layer 14 to generate a superimposed facet pattern of a final light guide 16. Note that the orientations represented in the current figure are shown in a simple and coarse way for clarity of the description. As the light guide 16 has at least two sets of facets that overlap at least partially in a user's viewing direction, the light guide 16 is also referred to as an "overlapping light guide".
    [0092] [0092] Each set of facets provides coverage over a certain area of implantation of the section containing the set of facets. At least one first set of facets provides continuous coverage, as viewed in a viewing direction, over a respective deployment area of the first set of facets. The implantation area of a set of facets includes the area (space) between the facets. A preferred facet configuration can be described by extrapolating intersecting lines from the facets to the light guide surface. Given a first set of intersecting lines between the planes of a first set of facets and the plane of an external surface and given a second set of intersecting lines between the planes of a second set of facets and the same plane (of a surface outer of the light guide), the first and second sets of lines are not parallel.
    [0093] [0093] Considerations for determining the orientations of the facets in these layers will be described below. Note that in FIG. 1 the light guide 3 is shown initially at a high level, while in FIG. 2 the light guide 16 is shown with details of the internal structure (first and second sections). The light guide 16 with two sets of facets (parallel) can be described as having “two axes”, while a light guide with an arbitrary number of sets of facets (more than one) can be described as a light guide with “Few axes”. In this context, each “axis” is a direction of expansion of the light guide beam 3, the direction in the light guide 3 in which the facets are arranged.
    [0094] [0094] With reference to FIG. 3, it is possible to see a schematic sketch of side view that propagates in the light guide
    [0095] [0095] The first section 14 of the light guide 16 includes internal facets that reflect the propagation light 5 laterally (a change in direction that is not discernible in the side view of the current figure) as the first guided beams 6. The second section 12 includes facets that reflect light propagation 4A as the second beam guided 8 towards the eye box 10 of the observer. The facets in each section are preferably superimposed (in a sense defined in the PCT / IL2018 / 050025 patent application by Lumus LTD, which is incorporated into this instrument in its entirety), where the light in the direction of the observer's eye 10 passes through one more facet in each facet sequence), in order to improve the uniformity of the image illumination.
    [0096] [0096] The light is guided to the light guide 16, typically by a transmission arrangement, for example, the optical arrangement 20 and the prism 16P. The transmission arrangement and / or the image projector are configured to guide the light to the light guide 16, so that the propagation light 5 propagates through the internal reflection of the external surfaces (22, 24) along the guide of light 16 in a propagation direction with a first component of the plane. (The out-of-plane component reverts to each internal reflection of the main external surfaces of the light guide.) At least the first set of facets 32 is oriented to deflect part of the light to be guided by the internal reflection of the light guide 16 to propagate to the along the light guide 16 with a propagation direction with a second component in the plane not parallel to the first component in the plane. This redirection of the image through partial reflection in a sequence of facets reaches the multiplication of the opening in a first dimension within the light guide. An outgoing transmission arrangement is typically configured to transmit out at least part of the light that spreads with the second component in the plane. The transmission arrangement is typically the second (or a third) set of partially reflective facets 36, which achieve additional opening multiplication in the second direction in the plane.
    [0097] [0097] The second section 12 (with the transmission facets) is preferably closer to the observer's eye 10, so that the transmission light (the second guided beams 8) is not disturbed, although the reverse configuration also falls within the scope of the present invention and may be preferable in certain applications.
    [0098] [0098] An exemplary implementation of the light guide 16 using glass with a refractive index of 1.5955 and coupling (transmitting) a rectangular image of 40 degrees diagonal will now be described.
    [0099] [0099] With reference to FIG. 4, it is possible to see a reflectance graph versus reflectivity angle of several coatings with different reflectivity amplitude. Preferably, the veneer coating should be designed to obtain maximum efficiency and minimum energy transmitted to ghost images. In preferred embodiments, the reflectivity of the image exists at incidence angles from 0 to 55 degrees from normal to the surface, while the coating is practically transparent from 55 to 87 degrees (except for the high reflectivity coating that is transparent up to 72 degrees) from normal to the surface. These characteristics of the coatings determine the design of the angular facet. This characteristic of coatings is almost the same for the entire visible spectrum; therefore, a single light guide will transmit all colors (usually called RGB, or red, green and blue). Facets more distant (towards the distal end of the light guide) from the light entry in the light guide (proximal end of the light guide) are preferably provided with coatings with greater reflectivity.
    [00100] [00100] With reference to FIG. 5, the geometric optical properties of the light guide 16 are illustrated in the angular space. The critical TIR angle limits of both outer faces (first outer face 22 and second outer face 24) are shown as circles A30, where the rays directed within these circles escape from the substrate and the rays directed outside these circles remain trapped in the substrate. . The image light injected into the light guide 16, input beam 4, has a rectangular angular distribution. Input beam 4 bounces back and forth between the outer faces (first outer face 22 and second outer face 24) and is shown as squares 4L and 4R (conjugated images reflected on the main substrate surfaces, equivalent to the incoming beam 4 in FIG 1).
    [00101] [00101] With reference to FIG. 6, an angular orientation of the space of the facets of the light guide 16 is shown. The light input beam of the image 4 meets the first set of facets 32 in the first section 14 of the light guide 16. The angular orientation of the space of the first Facet set 32 is shown as a plane indicated by circle A32. These facets of the first section 32 are coated with a coating that has angular reflectivity, as shown in FIG. 4. The angle from which the coating is transparent (55 degrees in this example) is shown in the shape of circles A34. Therefore, any image shown between (outside) these circles (that is, with angles inclined to normal for the facets in more than 55 degrees, as 4L in the current figure) will pass through the facet coated with minimal reflectivity. Images that fall within these circles (that is, with angles inclined to normal for these facets at an angle less than 55 degrees, as 4R in this figure) will be partially reflected. The reflection will occur at an opposite angle to the A32 facet angle. Therefore, the 4R image is reflected (as shown by arrow 600) to generate a 6L conjugated image (which corresponds to the first guided beams 6). As the image propagates within the light guide 16, a portion of the light is reflected between 4R and 6L, thus improving the uniformity of the final illumination of the image.
    [00102] [00102] With reference to FIG. 7, the geometric optical properties of the second set of facets 36 can be seen. The light image 6L reflects from the outer faces (22, 24) of the light guide 16 to generate the conjugated image 6R. The 6L and 6R images propagate as they are reflected from the faces (22, 24) and find facets (facets of the second section 36) of the second section 12, for which the orientation is presented here as A36. The coating on the facets of the second section 36 also has a transparent band (as A34 in FIG. 6) and the margins of the transparent band are shown as circles A38.
    [00103] [00103] The 6L, 4L and 4R images are within the transparent range (between circles 38) and therefore will not be reflected significantly by the second facets 36 of the second section 12. However, the 6R image is within the limit of 55 degrees and therefore will be partially reflected by the second facets 36, ending in a range of angles that escape the internal reflection of the main substrate surfaces, being delivered (as shown by the arrow 700) outside the light guide 16 as image 8 (the second guided beams 8) towards the observer's eye box 10.
    [00104] [00104] With reference to FIG. 8, an angular space diagram of an alternative implementation of veneers and coating margins is shown. The 4L and 4R images are not reflected by the second facets 36 of the second section 12 (within the A38 margin representing an angle> 55 degrees). In addition, 4L and 6R images are not reflected by the first facets 32 of the first section 14 (within the A34 margins).
    [00105] [00105] In an exemplary case, assuming that the first image transmitted to the light guide 16 is the 4L image, the images are transmitted in the following order:
    [00106] [00106] Different angular configurations can be used with the same basic coupling properties in the same order of images, as described above. It should be noted that both incident images 4R that fall on the first facets 32 and reflected images 6L from the second facets 36 are within the range of angles that are reflected internally by the main surfaces [external faces (22, 24)] of the substrate and are therefore guided by the substrate. The internal reflection through the external faces (22, 24) of the light guide 16 is similar to the internal reflection through the main surfaces (926, 926A) of the substrate 920 of the LOE 903.
    [00107] [00107] Although the preferred implementations illustrated here are designed to optimize the angles of each image in relation to each facet, so that the images are partially reflected selectively or are transmitted with minimal reflection according to the angularly selective properties of the facet coatings , it should be noted that this optimization is not essential. In some cases, it may be acceptable to employ non-optimized angles and / or non-optimized coatings, resulting in the generation of several unwanted modes (corresponding to ghost images), provided that the phantoms are relatively low energy modes or fall out of sight. desired output image.
    [00108] [00108] Referring to FIG. 9, it is possible to see another modality of a light guide 16, the sections of the first section 14 and the second section 12 overlapping in the thickness dimension of the light guide to generate a single section light guide 40 having facets in intersection. In other words, the sets of facets, in this case the first set of facets 32 and the second set of facets 36, are superimposed and arranged (constructed) on the same plane as the light guide. The single section light guide 40 has a thickness 40T between the first outer face 22 and the second outer face 24. A method for producing this light guide is described below. The angles of the facets in the single-section light guide 40 are similar to the facets described above for a two-section light guide 16, with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 8).
    [00109] [00109] FIG. 10 shows a method for producing the two-section light guide 16. See also FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. A first set of windows 50 is coated and cemented (stacked) together to create a first stack 51. In this context, the term "window" refers to a flat, transparent plate. The first stack 51 is cut at an angle to generate a first array of reflective surfaces 52. Likewise, a second set of windows 54 (another set, different from the first set of windows 50) is coated and cemented (stacked) to create a second stack 55. The second stack 55 is cut at a second angle (another angle, different from the angle used to cut the first stack 51) to generate a second matrix of reflective surfaces 56. The two matrices (the first matrix 52 and the second matrix 56) is fixed together 60 at the appropriate relative angle (for example, cemented or glued at a desired angle with respect to the other). The overlapping dies are trimmed 61 to produce a desired shape for the light guide 16. In some embodiments, optional covers 62 are glued as outer faces of the two-section final light guide 64. Each step can include optional cutting, grinding and polishing one or more surfaces. More than one matrix can be manufactured from each stack, according to the actual size of the windows and the desired size of the light guide 64.
    [00110] [00110] A substantial cost reduction can be achieved using the same matrices (facet plates) for both sections of the light guide 16. For example, BK7 glass is used to produce two matrices (first matrix 52), each matrix having facets at 26 degrees. This differs from the above description of producing two matrices (first matrix 52 and second matrix 56, each having facets at different angles). Then, the two dies are connected together 60 at an angle of 115 degrees of torsion with respect to each other. This exemplary configuration allows the transmission of an image with 38 degrees in the 16: 9 field ratio.
    [00111] [00111] Referring to FIG. 11, it is possible to see an exemplary method for producing a single section light guide 40. Similar to the description with reference to FIG. 10 of the production of a two-section light guide 16, a first set of windows 50 is coated and stacked to create a first stack 51. The stack is cut in multiples of the first matrix 52. The slices of the first matrix 52 are polished,
    [00112] [00112] With reference to FIGs. 12A to 12E, several exemplary lighting architectures are shown using projectors 2 to illuminate an implementation of the light guide
    [00113] [00113] FIG. 12B shows illumination of the upper sides; this configuration reduces obscuration of the peripheral lateral view.
    [00114] [00114] FIG. 12C shows the center lighting (between two light guides), where the projector's hardware (right and left) can be combined to reduce size and weight.
    [00115] [00115] FIG. 12D shows the overhead lighting that allows a virtually unobstructed peripheral view.
    [00116] [00116] FIG. 12E shows illumination at an angle below eye orientation. In this way, the image projector is conveniently located outside the peripheral field of view of the observer.
    [00117] [00117] With reference to FIG. 13, you can see a variation in the architectures described above. Variations include different facet angles and images. Consider the current figure as a variation of FIG. 8. In the current figure, the angle A32 of the first set of facets 32 is such that the angle A32 is on the opposite side of the angles of the 6R image, thus allowing the transmission of larger images. Circles A39 describe the internal reflection angles of the two external faces, where an image projected inside these circles is attached to the light guide. For example, image 8 generates images outside the circles and will be reflected in the light guide as a conjugate image, where a conjugate of an image is the image reflected from an external face of the light guide. Repeated reflections of external faces along the light guide generate two images that are conjugated to each other.
    [00118] [00118] With reference to FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B, schematic sketches of the light guide layout using the architectures of FIG. 13. In FIG. 14A, projector 2 injects the image of the light into the guide 16. The width of the injected light is determined by the opening of the projector. The two arrows show the width of the projected light beams 100 (4L and / or 4R in FIG. 13) for a specific point in the field of view (that is, a specific direction). Preferably, this description refers to the central field of the projected image. Facets 102 (represented as orientation A32 in FIG. 13) reflect light in vertical directions 104 and 106. Vertical reflection 104 and vertical reflection 106 have the same direction (6R and / or 6L in
    [00119] [00119] In FIG. 14B, facets 109 are arranged so that, along the reflected directions (reflected direction 108 and reflected direction 110), there is a constant number of reflections (in this case two) from the injected beam 100. The number of facets on configured facets 109 to reflect can be one, two or more facets. The geometric criteria for achieving a certain number of facets that contribute to a reflected radius are defined by the spacing between facets, the angle of the facets in relation to the projected image radius and the width of the opening, using simple trigonometry.
    [00120] [00120] The second set of facets 36 of the second section 12 (see FIG. 3 and the angle A36 in FIG. 13) are preferably superimposed in order to improve the uniformity of the image.
    [00121] [00121] With reference to FIG. 15, it is possible to see a schematic outline of the propagation of light within the light guide 16. The required size of the combined light guide is determined by the direction of light propagation within the light guide and in the free space towards the eye of the observer . In the current figure, guided propagation is represented as dashed lines and free space propagation as solid lines. The two propagations are not on the same plane, but are shown in the current figure schematically on the same plane for clarity. The angle change by refraction is also not described for clarity.
    [00122] [00122] Projector 2 injects an image with a field width (different beam angles). The edges of the width of this field are represented by rays 115 and 116 (the size of 4R in FIG. 13). The rays 115 and 116 are reflected at points 118 by the first facets 32 (angle A32 in FIG. 13) in relation to rays 117A and 117B in a different direction (below in the current figure, 6L in FIG. 13).
    [00123] [00123] The two rays 117A and 117B propagate different lengths in the new direction before being reflected at points 120 by the second facets 36 (angle A36 in FIG. 13) in directions 122 (originated by 116) and 124 (originated by 115) in the watchful eye 10.
    [00124] [00124] It is apparent that a height 126 of the light guide 16 cannot be less than the expansion of 115 with 116 and 122 with
    [00125] [00125] In the current configuration, the second facets 36 for the external coupling (angle A36 in FIG. 13) will start only at the top of points 120 (as drawn on the page of the current figure). Second facets 36 are not required above the top of points 120, since the observer (eye of the observer 10) will not see the entire projected field.
    [00126] [00126] With reference to FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B and FIG. 17, an approach is shown that allows for a further reduction in the height of the light guide, compared to the implementations described above.
    [00127] [00127] FIG. 16A is a graph of a reflectivity (reflective profile) of a facet coating designed to reflect beams of light from high angle incidence (compared to the reflectivities shown in FIG. 4). This reflective profile is used to reverse the propagation angle of the light beam when the propagation light is transmitted outside the light guide.
    [00128] [00128] FIG. 16B shows the angular architecture of an example of the current approach. The image is injected as 130L, transmitted 1600 by the external face at 130R, then the angular facets A132 (from a set of facets A132, described below), having the coating of FIG. 16 transmit 1602 the image to 134R. Then the outer face reflects the propagation light 1604 as a 134L image which is reflected 1606 by a similar coating by the angular facets A136 (of a set of facets 136, described below) outside the light guide for the observer as inverted image 138. It is apparent that the bottom of the image 130L and 130R becomes the top of the inverted image 138, i.e., that the image is inverted.
    [00129] [00129] FIG. 17 shows a schematic sketch of the light propagation of the inverted image 138. Projector 2 injects an image having a field of view limited by rays 140 and 142 (angles 130L and / or 130R). The reflection at points 144 occurs through the set of facets 132 in the respective rays 146 and 148 (images 134L and / or 134R). The reflection points 150 represent the reflection of the set of facets 136 on the respective rays 152 and 154. It is evident that the vertical direction of rays 152 and 154 is opposite to the direction of rays 140 and 142. Consequently, the total vertical height 156 of the light guide is smaller compared to the height 126 of FIG. 15
    [00130] [00130] With reference to FIG. 18A, to FIG. 18B and FIG. 18C,
    [00131] [00131] FIG. 18C is a schematic sketch of the directions of the reflections as the light rays propagate in the light guide 173 in another configuration of three facet sections. The current figure is another setting for combining three facet sections into a single light guide to generate aperture expansion.
    [00132] [00132] With reference to FIG. 19A, an angular diagram of an alternative direction of light injection is shown in the light guide. In general, it is possible to inject the light rays of the incoming image into any of the transmitted propagation images to achieve expansion of the aperture. For example, the angular diagram of FIG. 8 can be modified in the current figure to inject 1900 an image illumination in 6L or 6R (where the images reflect 1902 as conjugated images). The light also reflects back and forth from 1908 to 4L which is combined 1906 to 4R. These images propagate in different directions (thus expanding the distribution of rays in the light guide) before returning 1908 to the original direction and, finally, being transmitted from 1904 to 8, as described in the current figure.
    [00133] [00133] With reference to FIG. 19B, a schematic diagram of a light guide using the angular diagram of FIG. 19A. Image projector 2 introduces an image into a combination of diagonal facets 202 (drawn in the current figure diagonally, working similarly to the first set of facets 32) and output coupling facets 203 (drawn in the current figure vertically, working in similar to the second set of facets 36).
    [00134] [00134] With reference to FIG. 19C, a ray propagation diagram is shown in the current light guide. In the current figure, the dashed lines 1920 represent the injected radius (equivalent to 6R and 6L) of the image projector 2. The dashed lines 1922 represent rays as they propagate laterally to expand the aperture (equivalent to 4R and 4L). The solid arrows 1924 represent the transmitted radius (equivalent to 8). Note that, using the current configuration,
    [00135] [00135] With reference to FIG. 20, an angular diagram of an alternative embodiment with facets on the other side of the image is shown. In the current diagram, the second set of facets 36 is on the other side of the image 6L (i.e., 6L and 6R are on the same side in relation to the second set of facets 36). Double lines (1930A, 1930B) are alternatives for transmitting the image to the light guide. The image is transmitted as 6L, 6R, 4L or 4R. Similar to the previous modalities, the 4R and 4L images are images from the 1936 conjugate that transmit 1938 back and forth to 6L, which combines 1932 with 6R. Image 6R is also reflected in 1934 as image 8 in relation to the observer.
    [00136] [00136] In alternative modalities, several configurations can be used for the reflection of facets, including: The image and the conjugate of the image on different sides of the facet (FIG. 13) The image and the conjugate of the image on the same side of the facet ( FIG. 19D) In alternative modalities, several coatings can be used, including: Reflect the angularity of the image close to the facet angle (FIG. 16) Reflect the image further from the facet angle (FIG. 4) In alternative modalities, several ways to inject the image into the light guide can be used, including: Direction for direct output transmission (6R, 6L in FIG. 19C) Direction to be changed before output transmission (4L, 4R FIG. 19D).
    [00137] [00137] With reference to FIG. 21, a hybrid system is shown, where the refractive facets are combined with diffractive grids to achieve the opening expansion functionality in the same way as described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. two)
    [00138] [00138] The application of diffractive grids requires the use of at least two grids with opposite optical power, so that the chromatic dispersion is canceled. In the embodiment of the current figure, a diffractive pattern 210 is used to transmit the incoming light to the light guide, while the diffractive pattern 212 is used to transmit light from the light guide. The expansion of the lateral opening is achieved by overlapping diagonal facets 214 that transmit the propagation light back and forth laterally, without introducing a chromatic aberration. Here again, the set of overlapping diagonal facets 214 is deployed to redirect a first guided mode (reflected internally on the main substrate surfaces) to a second guided mode (reflected internally on the main substrate surfaces).
    [00139] [00139] With reference to FIGs. 22A-C, various modalities for mixing rays during propagation are shown. The mixing of the propagation rays within the light guide 16 can be achieved by a variety of implementations. For example, introducing partial reflection between the first set of facets 32 in the first section 14 and the second set of facets 36 in the second section 12.
    [00140] [00140] Referring to FIG. 22A, sections are shown separated by a partially reflective coating. The first section 14 and the second section 12 are separated at an interface 250 by a partially reflective coating. The optical input arrangement 20 provides the input beam 4 to the light guide 16. The interface 250, and therefore the partial reflective coating, is parallel to the outer faces (the first outer face 22 and the second outer face 24). This implementation will keep all rays in the original directions of light rays 5 (shown as dark arrows), despite the division and multiple reflections of the propagation rays 5. In the current figure, for clarity, the division of only one ray is shown. A person skilled in the art will notice, from the current description, that multiple divisions occur, further improving the uniformity of the output image.
    [00141] [00141] Alternatively, the first section 14 and the second section 12 can be made of different materials (for example, glass and plastic or different types of glass), causing Fresnel reflections on interface 250. Interface 250 can alternatively and / or additionally generate polarization rotation (dielectric variation at the interface will cause this effect), further improving the uniformity of the output image.
    [00142] [00142] With reference to FIG. 22B, a smaller alternative optical arrangement 20B is shown. The cost of the system can be reduced by reducing the size of the image projector (the optical arrangement 20 of FIG. 22A). However, uniform image illumination requires the image projector to illuminate the entire entrance of the light guide 16. In the current figure, the increased transmission caused by the reflective interface 250 allows a smaller image projector 252 to have a smaller optical arrangement. 20B, compared to optical arrangement 20.
    [00143] [00143] With reference to FIG. 22C, an alternative mode with a partial reflector is shown. Maintaining the parallelism of the interface plane 250 with the external faces (the first external face 22 and the second external face 24), can be technically problematic. In the current figure, a small parallel reflector 254 is used. The small parallel reflector 254 is implemented as the interface 250 in only part of the interface between the first section 14 and the second section 12. This small reflector 254 generates the division of the input coupling radii (the input beam 4), in so that the entire light guide 16 is illuminated evenly. Preferably, the reflectivity of the small reflector 254 (interface 250) is gradually decreasing along the light guide (from the proximal to the distal ends), thus improving the uniformity of the output image. This gradual decrease in reflectivity of the upper section (first section 14) can be used to compensate for the increased reflectivity of the facets (the facets furthest from the projector have greater reflectivity to keep the image energy constant), generating a constant transparency appearance in the guide of light.
    [00144] [00144] With reference to FIG. 23, a schematic sketch of the propagation of light is shown within a light guide with non-ideal expansion. The expansion of the transverse opening can be carried out by generating non-ideal rays (also called 'phantoms') and transmitting them from these phantoms. However, this process is less efficient and can cause image degradation, compared to the ideal ray propagation techniques described above. This process is generated using cross facets (as in FIG.2), but without the optimization of the coating (as in FIG.8). Consequently, 4L and 4R are also reflected by the second set of facets 36, generating unwanted images. However, with the proper selection of the facet angles (iterative design in the angular space as in FIG. 8), these ghosts will be outside the field of interest of the observer.
    [00145] [00145] The current figure shows how these ‘ghosts’ are used to expand the image in another transversal direction. Projector 2 injects rays in direction 260. After reflection by the first set of facets 32 in the first section 14, the propagation light is diverted to direction 262. After reflection by the second set of facets 36 in the second section 12, the propagation light is deflected from the light guide in direction 264. The previous expansion was in a transverse direction. The entry rays in direction 260 can also be reflected by the facets of the second section 12 to the direction 266 which is guided, but in a direction opposite to the direction 264. A secondary interaction by the second set of facets 36 of the second section 12 reflects the rays propagation from direction 266 back to original direction 260, but shifted later. Similar to the description above direction 260, the propagation radius 260 is reflected by the first set of facets 32 in direction 262 and the second set of facets 36 outside the light guide in direction 264.
    [00146] [00146] With reference to FIG. 24A, it is possible to see an example of two similar cross sections with a coupling prism 270 used to couple the input beam 4 to the light guide 16. A single main radius 2400 (center of field and center of opening) is shown when the radius is divided by the facets of the sections. This coupling to the light guide can be accomplished in several ways.
    [00147] [00147] With reference to FIG. 24B and FIG. 24C, schematic sketches of cross sections of coupling arrangements are shown. The cross section is along the plane of the main radius 2400 shown in FIG. 24A.
    [00148] [00148] FIG. 24B shows a configuration where the light guide 16 has been polished at an angle and a prism 2410 added at the top of the polished angle. This configuration allows a smooth reflection from the bottom (as shown in the figure) of the light guide 16.
    [00149] [00149] FIG. 24C shows a configuration with the addition of a 2420 prism at the vertical end of the light guide 16. This configuration allows for a longer coupling section (which extends from the rectangular shape of the light guide 16. This configuration also allows the use of a different refractive index for prism 2420 and light guide 16.
    [00150] [00150] FIG. 24D shows a combination of a prism and an image generator based on the polarizing beam splitter. This combination saves volume and space.
    [00151] [00151] The various orientations of the facets in the two sections will cause the polarization variation of the rays in the light guide 16. Therefore, the introduction of non-polarized light may be preferred. Unpolarized light can come from an inherently nonpolarized projector (for example, based on a TI DLP, Texas Instruments Digital Light Processing) or after placing a depolarizer in front of a polarized projector (quartz crystal window).
    [00152] [00152] FIG. 25 shows a security binder between sections. In the event of a rupture of the light guide 16 (the glass or plastic of the light guide), the broken fragments must be joined and maintain structural integrity in order to avoid injury to the observer. This maintenance of the integrity of the light guide can be achieved by several techniques, such as the introduction of an appropriate glue or plastic sheet between the two sections (between the first section 14 and the second section 12), shown in the current figure as a layer intermediate
    [00153] [00153] With reference to FIG. 26A and FIG. 26B, the respective side and front views of a 2D light guide that feeds a two-section light guide 16 are shown. The expansion of the side opening can be performed by a 1D light guide on top of another 1D light guide, by a 2D light guide on top of a 1D light guide or by the superimposed 1D light guide (few axes) described above. The combination of these techniques can obtain a light guide generated by uniform intensity of the image and an image projector with minimum size.
    [00154] [00154] FIG. 26A shows a side view of a 2D light guide 310 which expands the opening later, followed by light guide 320 (a version of the overlapping waveguide 16).
    [00155] [00155] The expansion of the side opening by a 2D light guide can be performed by several alternatives, as described in PCT / IL2017 / 051028 filed on September 12, 2017 and PCT / IL2005 / 000637 (US 7,643,214), both from Lumus Ltd. The two-axis light guide can have any of the above configurations. Preferably, additional media and mixing are performed including overlapping facets, as described in Lumus Ltd. PCT / IL2018 / 050025, filed on January 8, 2018.
    [00156] [00156] With reference to FIG. 27A and FIG. 27B, respective side and front views of a 1D light guide that feeds a two-section light guide 16 are shown. FIG. 27A shows a side view of a 1D light guide 410 that expands the opening later, followed by light guide 320.
    [00157] [00157] An eyepiece light guide transmits the light from a “virtual” image from the projector 2 to the observer eye 10 while multiplying the projected aperture. The transmission through the light guide 16 includes reflections by embedded reflectors (facets) or diffraction by grids.
    [00158] [00158] The light guide 16 is transparent to the “world” and should preferably not introduce reflections from the “world” towards the eye of the observer 10.
    [00159] [00159] Many light guide configurations introduce some reflections from high angles towards the eye 10. Facet coating (or efficient grating diffraction) can be optimized to reduce the efficiency of reflections at such high angles. However, high-intensity light sources, such as a lamp (in a dark environment) or the sun, can reflect substantial light intensity for the viewer.
    [00160] [00160] FIG. 28 shows an angular diagram of an unwanted image that overlaps the virtual image. The current figure is based on FIG. 13, however, in the current figure, only one point in the field is represented. A light source from outside the system is attached to the light guide and generates an unwanted image overlapping the virtual image.
    [00161] [00161] The external source is marked as 8Is (for example, the sun at a high angle above the observer). The external source 8Is is transmitted to the light guide 16 to be reflected by the second set of facets 36 at the 4Rs angle (4R overlap in FIG. 13). From this point the unwanted image follows the image path: 4Rs, 6Ls, 6Rs and the observer 8s.
    [00162] [00162] It is evident that 4Rs is guided, therefore, the image will be transmitted to the observer. However, at different angles of 8Is, the external source will be coupled to 4Rs which is not guided by internal reflection, therefore, no unwanted images will be generated.
    [00163] [00163] The disorganized light can also be coupled to the light guide through the 4Rs image when it is outside the IRR (inside one of the circles). This light (disorder) penetrates the other side of the light guide (the observer's side). In order to prevent the disorganized light 8Is or 4Rs from being guided, a shadow can be placed on top of the light guide, as shown in FIG. 29A.
    [00164] [00164] With reference to FIG. 29A a shadow is shown to prevent the high angle light from reaching the light guide. A mask 1009 is introduced, preferably
    [00165] [00165] FIG. 29B shows a sensitive angled coating to prevent high angle light from reaching the light guide. An angularly sensitive coating 1011 is introduced. This coating 1011 reflects the high angle (relative to the apex) 2900 light rays while transmitting the low angle light 1007A, as shown.
    [00166] [00166] FIG. 30 shows an alternative combination of sections. In the current figure, the two sections (the first section 14 and the second section 12) are combined into a single 1D 1020 light guide. This 1020 light guide has the two adjacent sections using a different edge compared to the adjacent edges. of the superimposed light guide 16 shown in FIG. 2. The sections of the light guide 1020 are combined as a continuation, where the propagation light that is guided (FIG. 13, the two images 4L and 4R) is reflected first by the first set of facets 32 in the first section 14 (4R by the first set of facets 32 in FIG 13) and then by the second set of facets 36 in the second section 12 (6R by the second set of facets 36 in FIG. 13). Note that, according to this implementation, the facets are not perpendicular to the faces of the light guide. Therefore, only one image is reflected in the critical path towards eye 10. For example, only 4R is reflected in 6L and not 4R to 6R simultaneously with 4L to 6L. This single critical path eases the alignment accuracy requirements that exist in multipath architectures.
    [00167] [00167] With reference to FIG. 32A, a schematic side view of an exemplary lighting system is shown. The light guide 16 can be used for a lighting system that provides transparent image-free illumination from image projectors. A 3200 light source provides input illumination that illuminates light guide 16. As light 3202 propagates on light guide 16, light 3202 is reflected 3204 by facets of light guide 16 in a 3215 image modulator. For example, the 3215 image modulator may be an LCOS. The reflected image light 3206 passes through the waveguide and is then typically photographed through optics 3220. Preferably, the facets are sensitive to polarization, therefore, the light guide 16 acts as a polarizing beam divider. For clarity in the current description and figure, polarizers and polarization rotators are omitted.
    [00168] [00168] With reference to FIG. 32BA, a schematic front view sketch of an exemplary lighting system is shown, showing a front view of the light guide 16. The 3200 light source projects the 3202 light directly (or through a light tube) onto the light guide 16 where the overlapping orientations of the facets cause lateral expansion of the source opening within the light guide 16 and project the light out of the light guide 16.
    [00169] [00169] Note that the examples, numbers used and exemplary calculations described above should help in the description of this modality. Inadvertent typographical errors, mathematical errors and / or the use of simplified calculations do not prejudice the utility and basic advantages of the invention.
    [00170] [00170] Insofar as the attached claims were made without several dependent claims, this was done only to accommodate formal requirements in jurisdictions that do not allow for these multiple dependent claims. Note that all possible combinations of features that would be implied in making claims multiply dependent are explicitly provided for and should be considered part of the invention.
    [00171] [00171] It should be appreciated that the above descriptions are only intended to serve as examples, and that many other modalities are possible within the scope of the present invention, as defined in the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (29)
    [1]
    1. Optical device, characterized by the fact that it comprises: (a) a light guide with: (i) a first pair of external surfaces parallel to each other, and (ii) at least two sets of facets, each set: ( A) includes a plurality of partially reflective facets parallel to each other, and (B) between such a first pair of external surfaces and (b) being that, in each of these sets of facets, the respective facets are: (i) to a oblique angle in relation to the first pair of external surfaces, and (ii) not parallel in relation to another set of facets.
    [2]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said light guide includes exactly two of said sets of facets.
    [3]
    Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said light guide includes exactly three of said sets of facets.
    [4]
    4. Device according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that at least one first set of said sets of facets provides continuous coverage, as viewed in a viewing direction over a respective implantation area of said first set of facets, so that at least a portion of the light in said viewing direction passes through at least one facet of at least two sets of facets within said light guide.
    [5]
    5. Device, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that each of these sets of facets covers a coverage area, said space being an area on which each of these sets of facets is implanted and the said coverage areas for two of said sets of facets are at least partially overlapping.
    [6]
    6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said light guide is a single section light guide that includes: (a) a first set of facets and (b) a second set of facets said first and second sets are superimposed on the same plane of a thickness dimension of said light guide, said dimension of thickness between said first pair of external surfaces.
    [7]
    7. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that (a) said light guide has a thickness dimension between said first pair of external surfaces, (b) facets of a first of said sets of facets extend through said thickness dimension, so as to cover a first depth range from a first depth to a second depth and (c) facets of a second of said sets of facets extend through said thickness dimension, in order to cover a second depth range from a third depth to a fourth depth.
    [8]
    8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that said first depth range and said second depth range cover overlapping depths.
    [9]
    9. Device, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that said first depth range and said second depth range cover the same depth range.
    [10]
    10. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that said first depth range and said second depth range are not overlapping.
    [11]
    11. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a section of facets is delimited by a pair of parallel surfaces or coincident with said first pair of external surfaces, said section containing at least one of said sets of facets .
    [12]
    12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that said light guide is a single section light guide including: (a) a first section of said facet section, said first section including two of said sets of facets.
    [13]
    13. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that said light guide is a two-section light guide including: (a) a first section of said facet section having a first pair of boundary surfaces and (b) a second section of said facet section having a second pair of boundary surfaces, a surface of said first pair of boundary surfaces being adjacent to a surface of said second pair of boundary surfaces and said first and second pairs of boundary surfaces are parallel.
    [14]
    14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that said light guide is a three section light guide, further including: (a) a third section of such facet section with a third pair of boundary surfaces , a surface of said third pair of boundary surfaces being adjacent to a surface of said first pair of boundary surfaces or said second pair of boundary surfaces, and said third pair of boundary surfaces being parallel to those first and second pairs of boundary surfaces.
    [15]
    15. Device, according to claim 11, characterized in that said light guide includes: (a) a first section of said section of facets having a first pair of boundary surfaces, and (b) a second section of the said section of facets having a second pair of boundary surfaces, (c) wherein said first and second pair of boundary surfaces are parallel; and (d) at least one interface, each of these interfaces: (i) being at least partially between two sections, and (ii) being parallel to said first pair of external surfaces,
    (e) the said interface being at least one selected from the group consisting of: (i) a partially reflecting surface, (ii) a partially reflecting optical coating, (iii) a transition of a material from one of said sections to another material from another of said sections, (iv) a polarizing modifier coating, and (v) a flexible intermediate layer.
    [16]
    16. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a second of said sets of facets is configured to carry out the transmission of light from said light guide, said second set of facets having a constant number of facets superimposed on a line of sight towards a nominal observation point of coupling light of said light guide through one of the first pair of outer surfaces.
    [17]
    17. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises: (a) a transmission arrangement configured to guide the light to said light guide so that said light propagates through the internal reflection of said first pair of external surfaces along the light guide in a direction of propagation with a first component in the plane, and (b) being that, for each of these sets of facets, the respective facets are oriented to deflect part of the light to be guided by the internal reflection of said light guide to propagate along said light guide with a propagation direction with a second component in the plane not parallel to said first component in the plane.
    [18]
    18. Device according to claim 17,
    characterized by the fact that said transmission arrangement is a second light guide including: (a) a second pair of external surfaces parallel to each other, and (b) a set of facets.
    [19]
    19. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that in at least one of the said sets of facets, a spacing between each of the partially reflected facets is configured so that: within a field of view of an image to be reflected by said set of facets, a distance over which a double reflection propagation stage occurs along the light guide does not correspond to an exact multiple of that spacing.
    [20]
    20. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a first angle of said facets partially reflected in a first set of said sets of facets is different from a second angle of said facets partially reflected in a second set of said ones by at least two sets of facets, said angles relative to said first pair of external surfaces.
    [21]
    21. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a first angle of said facets partially reflected in a first set of said sets of facets is substantially the same as a second angle of said facets partially reflected in a second set of faces said sets of facets, said angles relative to said first pair of external surfaces and said first set being rotated in relation to said second set.
    [22]
    22. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also includes: (a) a light source (3200) providing entrance lighting (3202) for said light guide (16), and (b) a image modulator (3215) reflecting the propagation light (3204) generated by said light guide from said entry lighting, said reflection producing reflected image light (3206) that passes through said light guide.
    [23]
    23. Method for producing an optical device, the optical device comprising a light guide (16) having: (i) at least two sets of facets (32, 36) between a first pair of external surfaces (22, 24), ( ii) said external surfaces (22, 24) parallel to each other, (iii) each of said sets of facets (32, 36) including a plurality of partially reflective facets parallel to each other, and each of said sets of facets (32, 36), the respective facets are at an oblique angle in relation to said first pair of external surfaces (22, 24) and not parallel to another of the said sets of facets (32, 36), the method being characterized by understanding: (a) providing a first matrix (52) of partially reflected facets, (b) providing a second matrix (56) of partially reflected facets, and
    (c) optically fixing said first matrix (52) and said second matrix (56) so that said facets of said first matrix (32) and said facets of said second matrix (36) are at an oblique angle in relation to said first pair of external surfaces (22, 24) and not parallel to each other.
    [24]
    24. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that said optical coupling is carried out by pressing said first and second arrangements with a flowable adhesive between said first and second arrangements.
    [25]
    25. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that a first angle of said facets partially reflected in said first matrix is different from a second angle of said facets partially reflected in said second matrix, said angles being relative to surfaces of the respective external matrices.
    [26]
    26. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that a first angle of said facets partially reflected in said first matrix is substantially the same as a second angle of said facets partially reflected in said second matrix, said angles being relative to the respective external surfaces of said matrices, and said first matrix being rotated with respect to said second matrix before optically fixing said matrices.
    [27]
    27. Method for producing an optical device, the optical device comprising a light guide (16) having: (i) at least two sets of facets (32, 36) between a first pair of external surfaces (22, 24), ( ii) said external surfaces (22, 24) parallel to each other, (iii) each of said sets of facets (32, 36), including a plurality of partially reflective facets parallel to each other, and being in each of the said sets of facets (32, 36), the respective facets are at an oblique angle with respect to said first pair of external surfaces (22, 24) and not parallel to another of said sets of facets (32, 36), the method being characterized by the fact that it comprises: (a) providing a plurality of transparent flat windows (50) with partially reflective surfaces; (b) optically fixing said windows (50) in order to create a first stack (51), (c) slicing said first stack (51) to create a plurality of first flat arrays (52), slicing through a plurality of said windows (50) and at an oblique angle to at least two pairs of opposite sides of said first stack (70), (d) optically fixing a plurality of said first flat arrays (52), in order to create a stack of dies (70), and (e) cutting said stack of assemblies (70) to create at least one said light guide (71, 16), cutting through a plurality of said flat dies (52) and in one oblique angle to at least two pairs of opposite sides of said stack arrangement (70).
    [28]
    28. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that said first flat dies are polished and coated before being optically coupled to create said pile of dies.
    [29]
    29. Method for expanding an optical aperture in two dimensions, characterized by the fact that it provides an image as a light input for the optical device, as defined in claim 1.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2018403542A1|2020-01-30|
    US20190227215A1|2019-07-25|
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    US20210033773A1|2021-02-04|
    TW201932894A|2019-08-16|
    EP3740795A4|2021-04-14|
    US10551544B2|2020-02-04|
    KR20200104849A|2020-09-04|
    CA3068946A1|2019-07-25|
    RU2020100274A|2022-02-21|
    WO2019142177A1|2019-07-25|
    EP3740795A1|2020-11-25|
    JP2021510838A|2021-04-30|
    RU2020100274A3|2022-02-21|
    IL276206D0|2020-09-30|
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    法律状态:
    2021-11-23| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201862619830P| true| 2018-01-21|2018-01-21|
    US62/619,830|2018-01-21|
    US201862633095P| true| 2018-02-21|2018-02-21|
    US62/633,095|2018-02-21|
    US201862645222P| true| 2018-03-20|2018-03-20|
    US62/645,222|2018-03-20|
    US15/978,139|2018-05-13|
    US15/978,139|US10551544B2|2018-01-21|2018-05-13|Light-guide optical element with multiple-axis internal aperture expansion|
    PCT/IL2018/050701|WO2019142177A1|2018-01-21|2018-06-26|Light-guide optical element with multiple-axis internal aperture expansion|
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